This article talks about Prop 227 in California. Prop 227 was supposed to end bilingual education. The schools and parents fought it and refused to follow it. The article focuses on the three versions of ESL programs, and gives the benefits and reasons why people like those programs and choose to put their english learning children in them.
Saturday, March 13, 2010
Clarification of three kinds of ESL Programs
Rossell, Christine H. "The near end of bilingual: Prop 227 was supposed to eliminate bilingual education from California's schools. For the most part, it succeeded-- and student performance is climbing slowly upward." Education Next. Gale. 3.4. 2003. p44(9). 13 March 2010.
ESL Segregates
Wood, Michelle R. "ESL and Bilingual education as a proxy for racial and ethnic segregation in the U.S. schools (English as a Second Language)." Journal of Gender, Race and Justice. Gale. 11.3. 2008. p 279(30) 13 March 2010.
This article argues the disadvantages of ESL programs. The author believes that ESL programs create segregation in the public schools. By placing students with an english proficiency in separate classrooms creates segregation between white students and brown students. There are already problems between cultures as it is and ESL programs continues to promote those programs. The author does agree that it helps with their grades but they believe there is a better way.
ESL Programs
Guzman, Joseph M. "Learning English: strange as it may seem, new evidence shows it is better to know two languages but be taught math in English." Education Next. Gale. 2.3. 2002. pg. 58-65. 13 March 2010.
This article discusses the benefits of bilingual education. The author is a really big fan of ESL (English as a Second Language) programs in public schools. These programs put students in English classrooms, but at time during the day they put them into smaller discussion groups to help them out with their homework and the language. He spends the majority of the article discussing what an ESL program does and the benefits of having one.
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Bilingual in Books
Jeffers, Dawn. "Bilingual Books For ESL Students... And Beyond." Children & Libraries: The Journal of The Association for Library Service to Children. EBSCO. Vol. 7, Issue 3. 2009. pg. 38-39. 10 March 2010.
This article is about Raven Tree Press' plan to create bilingual material. They believe it is important for those who only speak spanish to learn english and vice versa. By creating these materials not only will children learn a second language, but Raven Tree Press believes that they will develop and understanding for multicultural awareness and help the global economy in the long run.
Both Sides
Worsnop, Richard L. "Bilingual Education." CQ Researcher. CQ Press. 13 August 1993. 10 March 2010.
This article is about the bilingual education debate that has been going on for a while. It gives great information for both sides. It starts off with a story about a boy who moved from the Dominican Republic to Boston and learned English through bilingual education. It also gives quotes from a teacher who is very against bilingual education. It has more arguments than those two and gives the opinions of both sides.
More than just Spanish
Glod, Maria. "Schools Try Elementary Approach To Teaching Foreign Languages." The Washington Post. Aug. 2006. EBSCO database.
This article says that government and business leaders are asking for more bilingual speakers. How to get those? Foreign language classes in school. School districts around Washington D.C. are starting foreign language classes as early as kindergarden. One teacher is teaching some of her lessons in Spanish and some in English. An other is doing the same thing only with French and English. The goal is to help immigrants learn English and also to help English speakers do better later in life as bilinguals.
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
One More Time...
Yes, Crysta has decided to write another random blog post about nothing. This random blog post about nothing is supposed to celebrate the fact that she finished her Research Summaries but Crysta is too tired (its Tuesday) to do anything other than say one "Yay!" The creative part of her brain is being saved up for the late hours of the night.
THE END
The Things That Happen On 'The Island'
Thruelsen, Richard. "The Things That Happen On 'The Island' " Saturday Evening Post 21 July 1951. Print.
This article is a secondary source talking about Ellis Island and what really happens there. It talks about how no matter who you are, on Ellis Island you're always looked upon as an immigrant-- never a future U.S. citizen.
This article is a secondary source talking about Ellis Island and what really happens there. It talks about how no matter who you are, on Ellis Island you're always looked upon as an immigrant-- never a future U.S. citizen.
American Immigration
United States. Cong. House Judiciary. American Immigration. By Daniel J. Tichenor. 110 Cong., 1st sess. Cong. Doc. MasterFILE Premier, 2007. Print.
This report given to the U.S Congress by Daniel J. Tichenor, is a secondary source that gives some current perspective to historical immigration reform. It talks about the people that went through Ellis Island and the fears that people had about letting Europeans enter their country at the time. It talks about how the Immigration Act of 1924 restricted the immigration of Europeans and Asians but allowed the borders of Mexico and Canada to remain open. Something that has created problems for Americans today.
This report given to the U.S Congress by Daniel J. Tichenor, is a secondary source that gives some current perspective to historical immigration reform. It talks about the people that went through Ellis Island and the fears that people had about letting Europeans enter their country at the time. It talks about how the Immigration Act of 1924 restricted the immigration of Europeans and Asians but allowed the borders of Mexico and Canada to remain open. Something that has created problems for Americans today.
California: Ellis Island of the 80s
Mccarthy, Kevin F. "California: Ellis Island of the 80s." Challenge July & Aug. 1983: 59-63. Print.
This magazine article is a good secondary source that talks a lot about how California became the main gathering place for immigrants-- illegal and legal alike-- in the 1980s. It talks about how this was effecting business and whether or nor California would remain to be a attractive place to move to for immigrants in the future.
This magazine article is a good secondary source that talks a lot about how California became the main gathering place for immigrants-- illegal and legal alike-- in the 1980s. It talks about how this was effecting business and whether or nor California would remain to be a attractive place to move to for immigrants in the future.
Ellis Island a Welcome Site? Only After Years of Reform
Guzda, Henry P. "Ellis Island a Welcome Site? Only After Years of Reform." Monthly Labor Review 109.7 (2001). Print.
With his article title, Ellis Island a Welcome Site? Only After Years of Reform, Henry P. Guzda does a play on words that tells the reader essentially what the article is about. A welcome site refers to a place where people meet and great others while a "welcome sight" is when people are so relieved to see something. The article talks about whether Ellis Island was a "welcome sight" not only for the immigrants, but for the politicians that ran it. This article is a good secondary source that deals with the idea that many people weren't pleased with Ellis Island and the way it was being run as a "welcome site."
With his article title, Ellis Island a Welcome Site? Only After Years of Reform, Henry P. Guzda does a play on words that tells the reader essentially what the article is about. A welcome site refers to a place where people meet and great others while a "welcome sight" is when people are so relieved to see something. The article talks about whether Ellis Island was a "welcome sight" not only for the immigrants, but for the politicians that ran it. This article is a good secondary source that deals with the idea that many people weren't pleased with Ellis Island and the way it was being run as a "welcome site."
U.S. Immigration: Sanctuary and Controversy
Barnhill, John H. "U.S. Immigration: Sanctuary and Controversy." Source: History Behind the Headlines: The Origins of Conflicts Worldwide 2 (2001): 292-301. 2006. Web. 9 Mar. 2010.
The article U.S. Immigration: Sanctuary and Controversy, talks about the various controversies that have surrounded the issue of immigration-- particularly illegal immigration-- throughout the years. It it a good primary source that goes through the different issues from Ellis Island up to nowadays and discuesses the various controversies that surround each one.
The article U.S. Immigration: Sanctuary and Controversy, talks about the various controversies that have surrounded the issue of immigration-- particularly illegal immigration-- throughout the years. It it a good primary source that goes through the different issues from Ellis Island up to nowadays and discuesses the various controversies that surround each one.
The Immigration and Naturalization Service
Aneesh, A. "The Immigration and Naturalization Service." Encyclopedia of American Immigration. Vol. 1. New York: Sharpe Reference, 2001. 341-48. Print.
The Immigration and Naturalization Service, is responsible for regulating immigration into the United States. This article in the Encyclopedia of American Immigrataion explains what the INS is, what they are supposed to do, and what they have done in the past. This secondary source talks about the INS's various actions with regards to the different immigration laws that America has had in the past and what their job is now.
The Immigration and Naturalization Service, is responsible for regulating immigration into the United States. This article in the Encyclopedia of American Immigrataion explains what the INS is, what they are supposed to do, and what they have done in the past. This secondary source talks about the INS's various actions with regards to the different immigration laws that America has had in the past and what their job is now.
Immigration: Law and Policy
Baynton, Douglas C. "Immigration: Law and Policy." Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale, 2006. Web. 9 Mar. 2010.
This article discusses the immigration laws from 1882 up to nowadays and talks about the way they are being implemented. Douglas C. Baynton goes through different immigration laws and talks about their varying levels of effectiveness. One of the examples that he gives in this primary source is the laws that filtered what immigrants were allowed to enter the United States. Baynton talks about whether or not these laws were effective in doing what they were supposed to do.
This article discusses the immigration laws from 1882 up to nowadays and talks about the way they are being implemented. Douglas C. Baynton goes through different immigration laws and talks about their varying levels of effectiveness. One of the examples that he gives in this primary source is the laws that filtered what immigrants were allowed to enter the United States. Baynton talks about whether or not these laws were effective in doing what they were supposed to do.
Immigration Stations
Zeidel, Robert F. "Immigration Stations." Gale Virtual Reference. Gale, 2001. Web. 9 Mar. 2010.
Ellis Island wasn't the only checkpoint that immigrants could pass through before entering the United States. There was Angel Island as well as many station in the Atlantic, Pacific, and in the Gulf. Ellis Island is the most commonly known checkpoint for approving immigrants, but there were many other places that the Americans manned in order to insure that their immigration laws were put in force. This primary source talks about these other checkpoints and about their effectiveness in doing their job.
Ellis Island wasn't the only checkpoint that immigrants could pass through before entering the United States. There was Angel Island as well as many station in the Atlantic, Pacific, and in the Gulf. Ellis Island is the most commonly known checkpoint for approving immigrants, but there were many other places that the Americans manned in order to insure that their immigration laws were put in force. This primary source talks about these other checkpoints and about their effectiveness in doing their job.
Immigration Policy in the United States
United States. Cong. Congressional Puget Office. Immigration Policy in the United States. Ed. Donald B. Marron. 109 Cong. Cong. Rept. 2006. Print.
In 2006 a report was requested in Congress regarding the immigration laws of the United States. In this report, the laws were discussed as well as how these laws are enforced. The report also included various statistics on information such as admission and implementation of immigration laws. This report is a primary source that's unbiased and makes no recommendations-- rather it just states the facts for as they were.
In 2006 a report was requested in Congress regarding the immigration laws of the United States. In this report, the laws were discussed as well as how these laws are enforced. The report also included various statistics on information such as admission and implementation of immigration laws. This report is a primary source that's unbiased and makes no recommendations-- rather it just states the facts for as they were.
Monday, March 8, 2010
Immigration Act of 1924
Immigration Act of 1924, S., 68 Cong., XLII The Statutes at Large of the United States of America 153 (1924). Print.
In 1924, many people in America were worried that the immigrants were going to take over the country. They were worried that the immigration limit of three percent per an ethnicity that they had at the time wasn't enough to slow down the immigrant input in the country. Congress passed this act in order to limit the migration to two percent per an ethnicity. This Act is a primary source that shows how immigration was dealt with in America's past. One of the other things this Act did was allow the borders of Mexico and Canada to remain open-- even though it limited the immigration of Europeans and Asians.
Immigration: The ABC’s
Buckley, William. "Immigration: The ABC’s." National Review 19 June 2006,Web.
In the article, the author lays out President Bush’s plan for immigration reform. He talks about four key points to President Bush’s former plan. The first was about creating a program for immigrants to begin learning English. The second point was making an attempt to fortify the border, the third was prosecuting companies that hired illegal immigrants, say on par with not paying taxes. The fourth was a plan of what to do with illegal immigrants who are already here.
In the article, the author lays out President Bush’s plan for immigration reform. He talks about four key points to President Bush’s former plan. The first was about creating a program for immigrants to begin learning English. The second point was making an attempt to fortify the border, the third was prosecuting companies that hired illegal immigrants, say on par with not paying taxes. The fourth was a plan of what to do with illegal immigrants who are already here.
English Should Be America's Official Language
Blackwell, Kenneth "English Should Be America's Official Language."Opposing Viewpoints: Immigration. Susan Musser. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Brigham Young University - Utah. 8 Mar. 2010
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The author of this article tries to prove that English is the language of America and everyone should learn to speak it, because it will only open up their opportunities. He starts by talking about the EEOC prosecuting the salvation for requiring their employees to speak English in the workplace after working for a year. Then he talks about how a bill came up for vote in the senate to give these employers the right to require their workers to speak English, and Democrats stopped the bill in the House. He then uses stats to show that the majority of the U.S. believes that immigrants should speak English, and even more Americans believe that speaking English would be a beneficial thing for them. The author finishes by saying that teaching immigrants English only opens up doors for them in the U.S., and our goal should be to give them those possibilities.
The author of this article tries to prove that English is the language of America and everyone should learn to speak it, because it will only open up their opportunities. He starts by talking about the EEOC prosecuting the salvation for requiring their employees to speak English in the workplace after working for a year. Then he talks about how a bill came up for vote in the senate to give these employers the right to require their workers to speak English, and Democrats stopped the bill in the House. He then uses stats to show that the majority of the U.S. believes that immigrants should speak English, and even more Americans believe that speaking English would be a beneficial thing for them. The author finishes by saying that teaching immigrants English only opens up doors for them in the U.S., and our goal should be to give them those possibilities.
English Should Remain the Primary Language of the United States
Hewko, John "English Should Remain the Primary Language of the United States."At Issue: Bilingual Education. Loreta Medina. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Brigham Young University - Utah. 8 Mar. 2010
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The author in the article uses a lot of personal experience to further his claim that bilingualism is a waste of time and should have never become a program of the U.S. He is the son of an immigrant Ukrainian who came to the U.S. not knowing any English, but when he came he came with the knowledge and the realization that if he was coming to the U.S. that he would have to learn English. The author later uses an example of how his young son learned English in Prague even though he had very little experience in English before he went to school, and the reason he learned it was because that was the only language that was spoken there in school. The author speaks six languages and his wife is from Argentina, and he concludes that bilingual education only hurts immigrants, and it is something that they don’t even want.
The author in the article uses a lot of personal experience to further his claim that bilingualism is a waste of time and should have never become a program of the U.S. He is the son of an immigrant Ukrainian who came to the U.S. not knowing any English, but when he came he came with the knowledge and the realization that if he was coming to the U.S. that he would have to learn English. The author later uses an example of how his young son learned English in Prague even though he had very little experience in English before he went to school, and the reason he learned it was because that was the only language that was spoken there in school. The author speaks six languages and his wife is from Argentina, and he concludes that bilingual education only hurts immigrants, and it is something that they don’t even want.
English-Only Requirements Are Anti-Immigration
Weber, Rebecca "English-Only Requirements Are Anti-Immigration."At Issue: Bilingual Education. Janel D. Ginn. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Brigham Young University - Utah. 8 Mar. 2010
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The author in this article wants to point out the fact that non-bilingual programs are anti-immigration. She tries to prove that only by assimilating the latino population into bilingual programs will we truly show that our nation accepts and wants them. She uses examples from states like Arizona where recent laws have made it so that teachers cannot say non-English words in class to clarify material. He also adds an interesting bit of information by talking about a study that shows a child will learn a second language better if they first become fluent in their native tongue.
The author in this article wants to point out the fact that non-bilingual programs are anti-immigration. She tries to prove that only by assimilating the latino population into bilingual programs will we truly show that our nation accepts and wants them. She uses examples from states like Arizona where recent laws have made it so that teachers cannot say non-English words in class to clarify material. He also adds an interesting bit of information by talking about a study that shows a child will learn a second language better if they first become fluent in their native tongue.
Latino Parents Don't Want Their Children in Bilingual Education
Freedman, Samuel "Latino Parents Don't Want Their Children in Bilingual Education."At Issue: Bilingual Education. Janel D. Ginn. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Brigham Young University - Utah. 8 Mar. 2010
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The author in this article gives many reasons as to why bilingual education is a bad thing for immigrants. He quotes many immigrant parents who don’t want their children to be stuck in their economic circumstances. Instead, they want their children to be able to live a better life, and they understand that the only way they will find themselves capable of doing so will be through their children’s mastery of English. The author believes the solution to this problem is to be found in the extermination of bilingual programs where these children fall well behind other classmates their age. The argument is that it is harder on the youth to learn English, but it is what they need to do to have the same opportunities as other children in the U.S.
The author in this article gives many reasons as to why bilingual education is a bad thing for immigrants. He quotes many immigrant parents who don’t want their children to be stuck in their economic circumstances. Instead, they want their children to be able to live a better life, and they understand that the only way they will find themselves capable of doing so will be through their children’s mastery of English. The author believes the solution to this problem is to be found in the extermination of bilingual programs where these children fall well behind other classmates their age. The argument is that it is harder on the youth to learn English, but it is what they need to do to have the same opportunities as other children in the U.S.
English-Only Education Should Be Standard in Most Schools.
Unz, Ron "English-Only Education Should Be Standard in Most Schools."At Issue: Bilingual Education. Loreta Medina. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Brigham Young University - Utah. 8 Mar. 2010
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In the article, the author argues that bilingual education is utterly useless. He gives a lot of statistics in the article regarding the cost of education and also the amount of “bilingual” students who actually learn English, and remarkably enough only 5 percent of the students in the bilingual education program in California learn English. The author’s proposal is to get rid of bilingual programs completely because they aren’t doing our kids any good. He points out that even though some pay-raises are to be gained from bilingualism, the norm around the world is still English, and our goal should be to educate those around us with the language which will do them the most good.
In the article, the author argues that bilingual education is utterly useless. He gives a lot of statistics in the article regarding the cost of education and also the amount of “bilingual” students who actually learn English, and remarkably enough only 5 percent of the students in the bilingual education program in California learn English. The author’s proposal is to get rid of bilingual programs completely because they aren’t doing our kids any good. He points out that even though some pay-raises are to be gained from bilingualism, the norm around the world is still English, and our goal should be to educate those around us with the language which will do them the most good.
English Should Not Replace a Child
Souto-Manning, Mariana. "English Should Not Replace a Child." Bilingual Research Journal 30.2 (2006): 559-577. Web. 8 Mar 2010. .
In the article the author argues against a long held tradition among many Americans that bilingualism would harm children. She starts by talking about how many people believed and still believe that learning a second language would retard the growth of their children, but in reality it is different. The author points out that in most of the world bilingualism is the norm and only in the U.S. is it thought of as a bad idea. The author does a very good job in arguing that bilingualism is beneficiary to many children.
In the article the author argues against a long held tradition among many Americans that bilingualism would harm children. She starts by talking about how many people believed and still believe that learning a second language would retard the growth of their children, but in reality it is different. The author points out that in most of the world bilingualism is the norm and only in the U.S. is it thought of as a bad idea. The author does a very good job in arguing that bilingualism is beneficiary to many children.
A Second Chance
Zuckerman, Mortimer. "A Second Chance ." U.S. News & World Report 138.22 (2005): 84. Web. 8 Mar 2010. .
In the article the author argues that we do not need more illegal immigrants in our country. He uses a playful example from a political cartoon where two Indians are looking out of a bush towards the Mayflower and one says to the other "Looks like we are going to need an immigration policy." The author then goes on to try to convince his audience that the Republicans have the right plan. Once again the topic of a guest worker program came up in this article, and the author argued for having it. He also states that illegal immigrants who are already living here must wait their time before they can be granted amnesty.
In the article the author argues that we do not need more illegal immigrants in our country. He uses a playful example from a political cartoon where two Indians are looking out of a bush towards the Mayflower and one says to the other "Looks like we are going to need an immigration policy." The author then goes on to try to convince his audience that the Republicans have the right plan. Once again the topic of a guest worker program came up in this article, and the author argued for having it. He also states that illegal immigrants who are already living here must wait their time before they can be granted amnesty.
Sensible, Effective Immigration Answers
Forbes, Steve. "Sensible, Effective Immigration Answers." 177. 9 (2006): 23. Web. 8 Mar 2010. .
In this article, the author tries to communicate what should be done on illegal immigration. He starts by establishing that it is a problem that we need to deal with, and then goes into the many different ways in which people are trying to deal with it. For example he talks about a new bill that had just been passed that would make it an 11 year process for an illegal immigrant to receive citizen status in the U.S. Part of that procedure would be for the immigrant to learn English. Then he goes into giving his opinion on some other immigration issues. He states that students who have a job offer in the U.S. should automatically get to stay even though they don’t have citizenship, and the U.S. should start a guest worker program which would allow upwards of 400,000 immigrants to come to our country on a work permit. Finally he points out that part of the reason why people want to come to the U.S. is because Mexico’s economy is stagnant and would be much better off if it were easier to start a business there.
Learning Second Language as Adults Experiment
Kaushanskaya, M. "Bilingualism Reduces Native Language Interference During Novel-Word Learning." Journal of Experimental Psychology - Learning Memory and Cognition 35. 829-35. Scholar Search: Articles and More. 8 March 2010.
This article is the layout of an experiment about learning a second language. Learning a second language is harder for adults because their first language has already been engrained in their brain. Meaning that they can comprehend what letters make what sounds and what organization of what letters creates a word or an object. The experiment compares and contrasts monolinguals and bilinguals. It seemed that the bilinguals scored better with learning a new language than the monolinguals. But not by much. (They didn't actually "learn" a new language. They were more given sounds with an "english translation.)
Introduction to Bilingualism
Baker, Colin. Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. Clevedon, Avon, England; Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters. 1996.
This book introduces the reader to bilingualism. It covers many topics of interest including: individual and societal concepts in minority and majority languages; childhood developmental perspectives; general bilingual education issues, bilingual classrooms and political and ideological perspectives. I think it will help get the reader on the right path as to what the opinions are for what side. it is available in the Harold B. Lee Library.
Why is learning a second language so hard?
Goldin-Meadow, Susan. "Tutorials in Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Perspective." American Scientist. n.p. Sept- Oct 1998. 486. 8 March 2010
This magazine article describes the study of second language learning. The author wonders why - if most things are easier the second time around - language is harder to learn the second time around. They have also noticed that the older you are, the harder it is to learn a second language. At the end of the summary, however, the author does say that is is a very intense article. It is not for beginners. They suggest only those who have background in language learning and processing should use this article. (So I'm guessing if you have learned a second language before you might be fine.)
Bilingual Education: Where do we start, and where do we end?
Jost, Kenneth. "Bilingual Education vs. English Immersion." CQ Researcher. CQ Press. 11 December 2009. 8 March 2010.
This article uses a personal experience with a family to give the opinions of an Arizona town on bilingual education. They tell the story of Miriam Flores and her daughter when it came time to go to elementary school. Miriam's daughter was taught in spanish until 3rd grade. Her third grade class was only English speaking. Miriam, daughter of Miriam, had trouble with this change and her grades dropped dramatically. Miriam and many other spanish speakers in Arizona would like there to be an easier transition from spanish to english classes. The article tells of their federal case with the government. It also has tabs to take you to certain parts of the article. For example: the background and the current situation.
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